{"id":117605,"date":"2025-02-04T17:10:08","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T16:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/les-carnets-de-chants-des-mouvements-de-jeunesse-juifs\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T13:00:11","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T12:00:11","slug":"les-carnets-de-chants-des-mouvements-de-jeunesse-juifs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/les-carnets-de-chants-des-mouvements-de-jeunesse-juifs\/","title":{"rendered":"The songbooks of Jewish youth movements"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jewish youth movements came into being at the end of the 19th century. Their emergence was linked to the rise of nationalism and anti-Semitism in Europe, which gradually excluded young Jews from many associations. In response, they founded youth movements in Austria in the late 1870s, and in Germany at the end of 1890<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See Genevi\u00e8ve Humbert-Knitel&#8217;s article on \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/reger_2679-375x_2009_hos_6_1_1381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les mouvements de jeunesse &#8220;juifs&#8221; de la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle jusqu&#8217;en 1938\u201d<\/a>, Recherches Germaniques, 2009, pp. 183-201<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p>But this phenomenon was not confined to Western Jewish society, but also to Eastern Europe, as \u201ctestified by the history of the youth movements <em>Zeirei Zion<\/em> and <em>Haschomer Hazair<\/em> (&#8230;) which, from 1903, brought together a section of Jewish youth from Galicia, including those from Lemberg\/Lwov, but also from Brody and Tarnopol, the two bastions of the Haskala, or Jewish Enlightenment. Coming from the well-to-do, cultivated bourgeoisie, confronted with anti-Semitism from the Poles and Ruthenians, this section of youth, like Western youth, broke with their family environment, blaming it for the loss of their identity, and organized themselves to find new landmarks. They spoke Polish and went back to the sources of Judaism, learning Hebrew, Arabic and the history of Palestine, in the hope of leaving for Palestine\u201d <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Genevi\u00e8ve Humbert-Knitel, op. cit, p. 187<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_117479\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-117479\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-117479 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Hashomer_Hatzair_youth_group_redim-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Hashomer_Hatzair_youth_group_redim-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Hashomer_Hatzair_youth_group_redim.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-117479\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Hashomer Hatza\u00efr,1934, Poland<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The first associations were sports clubs, in line with the Zionist youth movement&#8217;s desire to create a new man, strong and brave, regenerated by the practice of team sports. <em>The Blau-Weiss<\/em> movement is without doubt the most representative Jewish youth movement of Western Jewish Zionism. Born in 1912 from the merger of two hiking groups, the <em>Wanderverein<\/em> 1907 in Breslau and the J<em>\u00fcdischer Wanderbund Blau-Weiss<\/em> in Berlin, this new group of boys and girls walked, played sports, shared meals and sang. Among its members were several Jewish scouts from Galicia. In 1921, several of its members emigrated to Palestine. There were also non-Zionist youth movements in Germany, whose aim was to integrate Jews into their society (such as the <em>Arbeitsgemeinschaft j\u00fcdisch- liberale Jugendvereine<\/em>, which in 1936 became the <em>Ring, Bund der j\u00fcdischen Jugend<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-117487 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/mouvement-jeunesse-du-Bund-en-France-vers-1914_redim-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/mouvement-jeunesse-du-Bund-en-France-vers-1914_redim-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/mouvement-jeunesse-du-Bund-en-France-vers-1914_redim.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>In Eastern Europe, <strong>Bund youth movements<\/strong> (such as <em>Tsukunft<\/em> [The future], founded in the 1910s, SKIF (<em>Sotsialisticher Kinder Farband<\/em>)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">SKIF provides a structure for children from an early age, with summer camps<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> and the <em>Bundist Youth Organization<\/em>) advocated universal, secular, non-Zionist socialism<\/p>\n<p>Also in France and England, there are several Jewish youth movements emerging from these different movements.<\/p>\n<p>In France, Robert Gamzon (1905-1961) founded the Eclaireurs Isra\u00e9lites de France (EIF) in 1923. He received support from writer, poet and essayist Edmond Fleg (1874-1963), who \u201cdreamed of a youth movement where practising and non-practising Jews, Sephardim and Ashkenazim, Orthodox and liberal&#8230; could come together to exchange, share and pass on.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/histoire-du-mouvement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/histoire-du-mouvement<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>In 1927, the movement opened up to girls and spread to Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. In 1969, the Eclaireurs Israelites de France officially became the Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs Israelites de France (EEIF).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-117520 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/EEIF_hsp_Habits-300x235.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" \/>Like in all youth movements, singing is omnipresent in the EEIF. The various daily and Shabbat prayers are sung <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_117605_1('footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Listen to the EEIF prayers on their website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/siddour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/siddour<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_117605_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. In addition, during evenings around the log fire, the EEIF sing a repertoire in French or Hebrew, often accompanied by guitar. These songs are often collected in small notebooks which, like most youth movements, become an emblematic element of Jewish scouting, right up to the present day. During Covid, singing vigils were organized on-line or on social networks, bringing together up to 5,000 people.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.calameo.com\/read\/006200677580f85e3aca2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carnet-de-chants.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-117497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carnet-de-chants.png 441w, https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carnet-de-chants-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.calameo.com\/read\/006200677580f85e3aca2\">Consult the Carnet de Chants des E.I. Sunday, April 5, 2020<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"CLIP VEILLEE CHANTS EI- Meayehid Leyahad\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4jvbO738k4U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>The European Institute of Jewish Music has collected in its collections a number of songbooks from Jewish youth movements<\/strong> (published by EEIF, Histadrut, the Youth and Education Department of the Jewish National Fund, etc.) <strong>which we are delighted to present to you in the video below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Les carnets de chants des mouvements de jeunesse juifs\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iI8lEvbSQfk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/reger_2679-375x_2009_hos_6_1_1381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Genevi\u00e8ve Humbert-Knitel, \u00ab Les mouvements de jeunesse \u00ab juif \u00bb de la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle jusqu&#8217;en 1938 \u00bb, Recherches Germaniques, 2009, pp. 183-201<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EEIF website<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zionist_youth_movement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More about Zionist youth movements<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More about EEIF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rachelnet.net\/F\/?func=find-c&amp;ccl_term=WRD+%3D+Eclaireurs&amp;local_base=iemcg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consult our EEIF music archive<\/a><\/strong><\/p><div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_117605_1();\">&#x202F;<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_117605_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_117605_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_117605_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_117605_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See Genevi\u00e8ve Humbert-Knitel&#8217;s article on \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/reger_2679-375x_2009_hos_6_1_1381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les mouvements de jeunesse &#8220;juifs&#8221; de la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle jusqu&#8217;en 1938\u201d<\/a>, Recherches Germaniques, 2009, pp. 183-201<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_117605_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Genevi\u00e8ve Humbert-Knitel, op. cit, p. 187<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_117605_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">SKIF provides a structure for children from an early age, with summer camps<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_117605_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/histoire-du-mouvement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/histoire-du-mouvement<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_117605_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_117605_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_117605_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Listen to the EEIF prayers on their website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/siddour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.eeif.org\/siddour<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_117605_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_117605_1').show(); 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if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jewish youth movements came into being at the end of the 19th century. Their emergence was linked to the rise of nationalism and anti-Semitism in Europe, which gradually excluded young<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":117474,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[963,1557],"tags":[],"technique":[],"squelettes":[],"sujet":[],"formation":[],"genre":[],"fonds":[],"tradition":[],"type-de-contenu":[],"interprete-compositeur":[],"frise":[],"type-devenement":[],"tableaux-liens-externes":[],"class_list":["post-117605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-highlights-en","category-the-collections-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The songbooks of Jewish youth movements - Institut Europ\u00e9en des Musiques Juives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/les-carnets-de-chants-des-mouvements-de-jeunesse-juifs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The songbooks of Jewish youth movements - Institut Europ\u00e9en des Musiques Juives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jewish youth movements came into being at the end of the 19th century. 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