{"id":56492,"date":"2021-02-03T15:36:57","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T14:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/fromental-halevy-1799-1862-sa-vie-sa-musique\/"},"modified":"2021-09-01T12:24:11","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T10:24:11","slug":"fromental-halevy-1799-1862-sa-vie-sa-musique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/fromental-halevy-1799-1862-sa-vie-sa-musique\/","title":{"rendered":"Fromental Hal\u00e9vy (1799 \u2013 1862) &#8211; Sa vie, sa musique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Since the early 1980s, the musicologist Karl Leich-Galland has been working on the rediscovery of the French Romantic repertoire of the 19th century through the publication of scores, booklets, out-of-print works and press kits. In particular, he was the initiator of a colloquium devoted to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/halevy-jacques-francois-fromental-elie-1799-1862\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fromental Hal\u00e9vy (1799 \u2013 1862)<\/a>, on the occasion of the revival of his famous opera <em>La Juive<\/em>, at the Op\u00e9ra Bastille (Paris) in February 2007. This book <em>Fromental Hal\u00e9vy (1799 \u2013 1862) \u2013 Sa vie, sa musique<\/em>, published in 2020 by Musik-Edition Lucie Galland, offers us an in-depth synthesis of his research on the life and work of Fromental Hal\u00e9vy, this Jewish composer considered in his time, along with Daniel-Fran\u00e7ois-Esprit Auber (1842-1871), as one of the masters of the French school of music.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright  wp-image-30890\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/portrait_280px_vertic.jpg\" alt=\"portrait_280px_vertic.jpg\" width=\"209\" height=\"264\" align=\"right\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Born into a Jewish family from Bavaria by his father and from Lorraine by his mother<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_56492_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Elijah Halphen Levy, son of a rabbi, was originally from F\u00fcrth, Bavaria. He arrived in France at the time of the Revolution to obtain civil rights, settled in Paris around 1790, was a chorister in&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_1');\">Lire la suite<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_56492_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, Fromental Hal\u00e9vy presents the very profile of a French Jewish musician, heir to the ideals of the Revolution, grateful to France for offering his people emancipation, and faithful to the faith of his fathers. Although his father \u00c9lie Hal\u00e9vy, son of a rabbi, was a chorister in several synagogues and then secretary of the Jewish Consistory in Paris, Fromental Hal\u00e9vy was not a religious practitioner\u2026 which did not prevent him from marrying in 1842 L\u00e9onie Rodrigues-Henriques, from a pious Jewish family from Bordeaux.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-30892\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/p_933_couv_la_juive_halevy_300px_vertic.jpg\" alt=\"p_933_couv_la_juive_halevy_300px_vertic.jpg\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" align=\"left\" \/>A large part of Karl Leich-Galland\u2019s book is devoted to the study of Fromental Hal\u00e9vy\u2019s operas, their conception and their reception by the public and critics of his time. Fromental Hal\u00e9vy composed the music for no less than 36 operas, including <em>La Juive<\/em> (1835), which was performed more than 500 times until the end of the 19th century, <em>La reine de Chypre<\/em> (1841), <em>La dame de Pique<\/em> (1850), <em>Le Juif errant<\/em> (1852) and <em>No\u00e9<\/em>, an unfinished posthumous opera, completed in 1868-69 by Georges Bizet (Fromental Hal\u00e9vy\u2019s son-in-law), then by an anonymous composer, before finally being premiered in Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1885<\/p>\n<p>Abundantly documented, this book gives fascinating details on the life of the composer and \u2013 of interest to us \u2013 his relationship to Judaism. One learns that Fromental Hal\u00e9vy entered the Paris Conservatory in Luigi Cherubini\u2019s composition class when he was barely 10 years old. At the age of 15, he was a repetiteur of solf\u00e8ge at the Conservatoire. At 17 and 18, he was twice awarded the Second Prize of Rome before winning the First Prize in 1819, at the age of 20. Following the assassination of the Duke of Berry on the night of February 13-14, 1820, he composed, at the request of the consistorial authorities of Paris and Cherubini, a <em>De profundis in Hebrew<\/em> (the psalm 130 Mimaamakim) which was performed on March 24, 1820 at the Parisian temple in the rue Saint-Avoie. The imposing work, which lasts about 25 minutes, is written for a three-voice male choir and large orchestra. The solos were performed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/lovy-israel-1773-1832\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isra\u00ebl Lovy (1773-1832)<\/a>, the first cantor of the Jewish Temple. It should be noted that this work was written just before Fromental Hal\u00e9vy\u2019s departure for Rome, where he was to spend five years at the Villa Medici. According to Karl Leich-Galland (p. 10), Fromental Hal\u00e9vy was granted a one-year dispensation to stay to support his father who had just lost his wife. It was not until the spring of 1820 that Hal\u00e9vy was able to reach Rome.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-30894\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/capture_partition.jpg\" alt=\"capture_partition.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"210\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/capture_partition.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/capture_partition-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>In addition to his lyric works, which constitute the main part of his musical production, Fromental Hal\u00e9vy composed a large number of melodies, romances and duets, as well as seven psalms for the Israelite cult (including Psalm 100: <em>Mizmor lessodo<\/em>, Psalm 115: <em>Adonai Zehonorou<\/em> and Psalm 118: <em>Min hametsar<\/em> which closes the <em>Hallel<\/em>) and three prayers (<em>Schema Israel<\/em>, <em>Vajehi binsoa hooron<\/em>, <em>Jigdal<\/em>)<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_56492_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See Ruth Jordan, Fromental Hal\u00e9vy, His Life &amp; Music, London 1994, p. 177.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_56492_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. He also composed Catholic music: an Agnus Dei, a Gloria in excelsis Deo, but as he maliciously pointed out, never a <em>Credo<\/em> (p. 75).<\/p>\n<p>Fromental Hal\u00e9vy\u2019s relationship with the Jewish consistorial authorities was courteous but distant. In 1851, Hal\u00e9vy agreed to sit in the first Singing Commission in charge of the reorganization of the music of the Israelite cult. Dissolved in 1852, this commission was reactivated in 1855 and again in 1858. Fromental Hal\u00e9vy held the honorary position of President and, before his death in 1862, helped to publish the melodies of Israel Lovy<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_56492_1('footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_56492_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See the article by Herv\u00e9 Roten, \u201cLe patrimoine musical de la Grande Synagogue de la Victoire\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/the-synagogue-of-la-victoire-150-years-of-french-judaism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La synagogue de la Victoire, 150 ans du juda\u00efsme fran\u00e7ais<\/a>, \u00e9ditions Porte-plume, 2017.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_56492_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of his work, Karl Leich-Galland sums up Fromental Halevy\u2019s relationship to his Jewishness very well: \u00ab After sixteen years of marriage, he was very surprised by the strict observance of the Jewish Passover in his wife\u2019s family, and in 1859 privately expressed his disagreement with the \u2018devotees, the pious, the pure\u2019 of Judaism. But this in no way meant a break with the \u2018God of his fathers\u2019 (<em>La Juive<\/em>, no. 8) and Jewish institutions. Halevy was a member of the Consistory, composed for the synagogue and said publicly in 1848, at the time of the nomination of candidates for election to the National Assembly, to Father Deguerry, giving him a fraternal embrace that \u2018we worship the same God, we do not follow the same cult\u2019. Unlike other artists whose parents were Jewish, Hal\u00e9vy did not hide his religious affiliation. It is then quite understandable that the famous composer was the pride of his co-religionists. \u00bb (p. 128).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.musik-editionluciegalland.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Order Karl Leich-Galland\u2019s book Fromental Hal\u00e9vy (1799 \u2013 1862) \u2013 His Life, His Music<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/produit\/jacques-offenbach-et-ses-proches-de-la-synagogue-a-lopera\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Order the CD <em>Jacques Offenbach and Friends<\/em> containing psalms 100, 118 et 130 from Fromental Hal\u00e9vy<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/fromental-halevy-opera-arias-and-synagogue-songs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to the playlist Fromental Hal\u00e9vy, opera arias and synagogue songs<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/halevy-jacques-francois-fromental-elie-1799-1862\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read Fromental Hal\u00e9vy\u2019s biography<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_56492_1();\">&#x202F;<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_56492_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_56492_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_56492_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_56492_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Elijah Halphen Levy, son of a rabbi, was originally from F\u00fcrth, Bavaria. He arrived in France at the time of the Revolution to obtain civil rights, settled in Paris around 1790, was a chorister in several synagogues and married Julie Meyer, a Jewish woman from Lorraine. Fromental\u2019s father, who became \u00c9lie Hal\u00e9vy in 1807, a name with revolutionary resonances, provided for his family through his position as secretary of the Jewish Consistory of Paris. In 1820, \u00c9lie Hal\u00e9vy published in Metz a Moral and Religious Instruction for the use of Jewish youth. Excerpt from the article by Olivier Bara published on Cairn Info (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-romantisme-2004-3-page-75.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-romantisme-2004-3-page-75.htm<\/span><\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_56492_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See Ruth Jordan, Fromental Hal\u00e9vy, His Life &amp; Music, London 1994, p. 177.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_56492_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_56492_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_56492_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\">3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See the article by Herv\u00e9 Roten, \u201cLe patrimoine musical de la Grande Synagogue de la Victoire\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/en\/the-synagogue-of-la-victoire-150-years-of-french-judaism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La synagogue de la Victoire, 150 ans du juda\u00efsme fran\u00e7ais<\/a>, \u00e9ditions Porte-plume, 2017.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_56492_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_56492_1').show(); 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