{"id":68577,"date":"2021-02-15T14:40:17","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T13:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/les-chants-de-shabbat-dans-les-rites-comtadin-et-portugais\/"},"modified":"2024-02-15T17:40:23","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T16:40:23","slug":"les-chants-de-shabbat-dans-les-rites-comtadin-et-portugais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/es\/les-chants-de-shabbat-dans-les-rites-comtadin-et-portugais\/","title":{"rendered":"Los cantos de shabat en los ritos comtad\u00edn y portugu\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Una selecci\u00f3n de canciones de Shabat de las comunidades de rito portugu\u00e9s (\u00c1msterdam, Londres, Par\u00eds, Burdeos, Bayona, Nueva York, Curazao…) y del Comtat venaissin, interpretadas por Abraham Lopes Cardoso, Shimon Haliwa, Eliezer Abinun, Adolphe Attia, Malkiel Benamara, Gilbert L\u00e9on y muchos otros<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

El shabat, d\u00eda libre, es una instituci\u00f3n de la vida jud\u00eda. Y los cantos que dan el ritmo en este d\u00eda particular, tiente un lugar importante, tan en la sinagoga con los cinco oficios de\u00a0Kabbalat shabbat\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0Motsei shabbat<\/em>, como en la casa con los rituales de encendido de las velas, el\u00a0Kiddoush<\/em>\u00a0(bendici\u00f3n del vino) del viernes por la noche, el\u00a0Birkat hamazone<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(acci\u00f3n de gracia al fin de la comida), o la\u00a0Havdala<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(\u00faltimo\u00a0Kiddoush<\/em>\u00a0cerrando el shabat). Es tambi\u00e9n de costumbre cantar, durante cuatro comidas de shabat, numerosas poes\u00edas religiosas llamadas\u00a0Zemirot\u00a0<\/em>(o\u00a0Tish nigunim<\/em>\u00a0en el jas\u00eddismo).<\/p>\n

El shabat permite as\u00ed buscar su voz interior a trav\u00e9s de su voz exterior.<\/p>\n

La lista de reproducci\u00f3n que sigue os presenta una selecci\u00f3n de cantos de shabat en los ritos comtadin y portugu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Los Jud\u00edos del Condado Venaissin<\/a> (Carpentras, Avi\u00f1\u00f3n, Cavaillon y l\u2019Isle-sur-la-Sorgue), que no fueron muchos m\u00e1s que dos mil, descend\u00edan de los jud\u00edos languedocianos y provenzales expulsados del reino de Francia en los siglos XIV y XV, de manera que su rito es el que su rito es el que tiene m\u00e1s arraigo en suelo franc\u00e9s. Los rituales, primero manuscritos y luego impresos en el siglo XVIII, han conservado las oraciones en uso. Pero los cantos s\u00f3lo se transmit\u00edan oralmente y se habr\u00edan perdido irremediablemente si en 1885, por iniciativa del Gran Rabino Jonas Weyl y de la Consistoire Isra\u00e9lite de Marsella [Consistorio Israelita de Marsella], dos israelitas de Aix-en-Provence, Jules-Salomon y Mardoch\u00e9e Cr\u00e9mieu, no los hubieran recogido de los \u00faltimos cantantes y reunido en un libro titulado Chants h\u00e9bra\u00efques suivant le rite des communaut\u00e9s isra\u00e9lites de l’ancien Comtat Venaissin [Cantos hebreos siguiendo el rito de las comunidades israelitas del antiguo Condado Venaissin].<\/p>\n

El rito portugu\u00e9s (tambi\u00e9n conocido como rito \u00abhispano-portugu\u00e9s\u00bb) est\u00e1 vinculado a la historia de los marranos, los jud\u00edos convertidos por la fuerza al cristianismo en 1391. Huyendo de los autos de fes de las inquisiciones espa\u00f1ola y portuguesa establecidas respectivamente en 1481 y 1536, varios centenares de marranos se unieron a las comunidades jud\u00edas existentes (como las de \u00c1msterdam, de Londres, de Livorno o de Hamburgo) donde volvieron abiertamente al juda\u00edsmo. Otros, ampar\u00e1ndose en su identidad cristiana, se instalaron en Burdeos, luego en la regi\u00f3n de Bayona, a mediados del siglo XVI. Posteriormente, se tejieron intercambios -sobre todo comerciales- entre las diferentes comunidades portuguesas y la pr\u00e1ctica de este rito se extendi\u00f3 hasta Nueva York y en las colonias holandesas, como Curazao.<\/p>\n

Hay que destacar que la mayor\u00eda de las piezas de esta lista de reproducci\u00f3n son, para las necesidades de la grabaci\u00f3n, acompa\u00f1ados de instrumentos de m\u00fasica, lo que no es el caso durante los shabat en la mayor\u00eda de las sinagogas. Encontramos algunas de las melod\u00edas portuguesas est\u00e1n influenciadas por la m\u00fasica occidental de los siglos XVIII y XIX.<\/p>\n

Leer el art\u00edculo en los cantos de shabat<\/a>
M\u00e1s informaciones sobre las tradiciones musicales Judeo-Portuguesas en Francia<\/a>
Pedir el CD Musiques jud\u00e9o-fran\u00e7aises des XVIIIe et XIXe si\u00e8cles [M\u00fasicas judeo-francesas de los siglos XVIII y XIX]<\/a>
Pedir el CD Musiques de la synagogue de Bordeaux (rite portugais) [M\u00fasicas de la sinagoga de Burdeos (rito portugu\u00e9s)]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Lekha dodi – Adolphe Attia (rite comtadin)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Yitgadal (Kaddish) – Adolphe Attia (rite comtadin)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Az yachir Mocheh – Adolphe Attia (rite comtadin) <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Tsour michelo – Nekouda : Corinne Drai et Alain Huet (rite comtadin) (Extrait)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Hamake (partie du Emet) – Choeur Orf\u00e9o (rite portugais, Bayonne) (Extrait)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Raou banim – Emile Jonas – Malkiel Benamara et Adolphe Attia (rite portugais, Paris)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
En Kelohenu – Eliezer Abinun (rite portugais, Londres) <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Keter – Abraham Lopes Cardozo (rite portugais, Amsterdam, New York) (Extrait)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Yom Hashishi – Abraham Lopes Cardozo (rite portugais, Amsterdam, New York)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Kiddoush du vendredi soir – Gilbert L\u00e9on (rite portugais, Bordeaux)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Kamti lehalel – Shimon Haliwa (rite portugais, Amsterdam) (Extrait) <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Bendigamos (rite portugais, Cura\u00e7ao)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Yigdal (rite portugais, Cura\u00e7ao)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Lekha dodi (rite portugais, Cura\u00e7ao)<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una selecci\u00f3n de canciones de Shabat de las comunidades de rito portugu\u00e9s (\u00c1msterdam, Londres, Par\u00eds, Burdeos, Bayona, Nueva York, Curazao…) y del Comtat venaissin, interpretadas por Abraham Lopes Cardoso, Shimon<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1045,"featured_media":68578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1535],"tags":[],"technique":[],"squelettes":[],"sujet":[1854],"formation":[],"genre":[1890],"fonds":[],"tradition":[1981,1973],"type-de-contenu":[],"interprete-compositeur":[],"frise":[],"type-devenement":[],"tableaux-liens-externes":[],"class_list":["post-68577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-listas-de-reproduccion-es","sujet-shabat-es","genre-liturgia-es","tradition-rito-comtadin-es","tradition-rito-judeo-portugues-es"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLos cantos de shabat en los 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