{"id":86657,"date":"2019-03-14T16:24:46","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T15:24:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/ben-yosef-benyamin-rafael-1870-1928\/"},"modified":"2022-07-28T17:39:17","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T15:39:17","slug":"ben-yosef-benyamin-rafael-1870-1928","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/es\/ben-yosef-benyamin-rafael-1870-1928\/","title":{"rendered":"Ben Yosef, Benyamin Rafael (1870-1928)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Benyamin Rafael Ben Yosef naci\u00f3 en 1870 en Adrian\u00f3polis (hoy en d\u00eda: Edirne), en Turqu\u00eda. Pertenec\u00eda por parte de madre a una familia de rabinos, que constaba de Behmohar Rafael (1815-1878), Gran Rab\u00ed de Adrian\u00f3polis, luego Gran Rab\u00ed ex officio<\/i> de Philippopolis (Rumelia en Bulgaria).<\/span><\/p>\n

Apasionado por los libros y los antiguos manuscritos, dedicar\u00e1 toda su vida al djudezmo, este idioma era cada vez m\u00e1s relegado a un \u00e1mbito privado, y que incluye muchas palabras de origen turco, italiano y franc\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"malc._et_benyam_jeunes101_photo_entiere_recadree_et_retaillee380px_vertic.jpg\"
Benyamin y Malkouna (su esposa)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Despu\u00e9s de su matrimonio, alrededor de 1895, se instal\u00f3 en Balat, barrio jud\u00edo de Constantinopla (Estambul), ubicado en la orilla europea del B\u00f3sforo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Considerado como el editor m\u00e1s importante de Constantinopla durante las tres primeras d\u00e9cadas del siglo XX, fue en 1898 con la publicaci\u00f3n del Sefer me-‘Am Lo’ez Ester<\/i> que su carrera como impresor-editor empez\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fue en este periodo que sinti\u00f3 la necesidad de adaptar y\/o traducir en judeoespa\u00f1ol una cantidad importante de libros de todo tipo, entre ellos novelas \u2013 Paul et Virginie <\/i>(Pablo y Virginia<\/i> en espa\u00f1ol), Jardin des histoires<\/i>, Le fils repenti<\/i>, Les deux jumeaux<\/i>, Don Miguel San Salvador<\/i>, Le neuveu maudit<\/i>, Salvator et<\/i> Paulina<\/i>, Juan Lobo<\/i>, La belle histoire de Robinson<\/i> o Le veau d’or<\/i> – <\/i>normalmente publicadas en primer lugar en un follet\u00edn en la prensa.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de su actividad oficial como editor, Benyamin Rafael Ben Yoef era un aut\u00e9ntico coleccionista de manuscritos y de libros antiguos, es una actividad que desarroll\u00f3 a lo largo de sus viajes, y especialmente a Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo.<\/span><\/p>\n

El \u00e1mbito de la religi\u00f3n y de los cantos lit\u00fargicos aparece dentro de los temas de predilecci\u00f3n de Benyamin.<\/span><\/p>\n

En 1910, public\u00f3 el Sefer jaim va-jesed<\/i> (recopilaci\u00f3n de leyes y costumbres relativas a los enfermos y los muertos) en Constantinopla; le seguir\u00e1 la edici\u00f3n del Sefer renanot u-bakashot<\/i>, trece a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apasionado por los cantos religiosos sefard\u00edes, y en particular por los piyyoutim<\/i> y los maftirim<\/i> (poes\u00edas e himnos religiosos), en 1926 Benyamin pidi\u00f3 a Isaac Eliyahu Navon (poeta, m\u00fasico, hom\u00f3nimo del pol\u00edtico) nativo de la misma ciudad, que verificara de la manera m\u00e1s completa posible los maftirim<\/i> famosos. La publicaci\u00f3n impresionante de los \u201cCantos de Israel en tierra de Oriente\u201d (Shire Israel be-Eretz ha-Kedem<\/i> o SHIBA) ser\u00e1 objeto de una cr\u00edtica muy positiva en los \u00e1mbitos religiosos, y cerca de los poetas y los m\u00fasicos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Una de las p\u00e1ginas de t\u00edtulo en judeoespa\u00f1ol:<\/span><\/p>\n

Diferentes Kantes Arekojidos de Manuskritos VyejosOvra de Poetas kon Kantes de Shabbath<\/em>
\ni Moadim del Anyo<\/em>
\ni Alegrias de Mila i BodasEl Editor, Vendedor de Livros Muevos i Viejos<\/em><\/p>\n

Benyamin Rafael ben Yosef<\/em>
\nAnyo 5686*<\/em><\/p>\n

*\u00ab <\/span>Diferentes cantos recogidos en manuscritos antiguos. Obras de poetas con cantos de shabat, moadim del a\u00f1o, de mila y de bodas \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

\"le_fassil029_compressed_380px_vertic.jpg\"<\/p>\n

En la misma \u00e9poca, bajo el control del famoso hazan Isaac Ben Solomon Algazi, nombrado a partir del 1923, \u201cministro de oficio\u201d y director muscical de la sinagoga italiana de Estambul en el barrio de Galata; Benyamin Rafael Ben Yosef public\u00f3 un conjunto de cantos jud\u00edos orientales titulado \u201cExtracto del fassil Husseini\u201d: estos cantos incluyen la referencia del poeta lit\u00fargico Yisrael Najara y del famoso rabino de Esmirna, Abraham Ha-Cohan Ariyas.<\/p>\n

Hasta los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, Benyamin persigui\u00f3 la publicaci\u00f3n de cantos religiosos. Los piyutim de los d\u00edas temerosos<\/i>, fechados en 1927, s\u00f3lo se publicar\u00e1n al momento de su muerte. (Imprenta la Konkerensia).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n se dedic\u00f3 a publicar recopilaciones de romansas<\/i>, (cantos y poemas para esposas, reci\u00e9n nacidos y sus madres), editados siguiendo las costumbres del Imperio Otomano.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al mismo tiempo que las publicaciones y las adaptaciones de la literatura \u201ccl\u00e1sica\u201d, que las publicaciones relacionadas con el \u00e1mbito religioso y que las publicaciones de cantos \u201ctradicionales\u201d en djudezmo, Benyamin tendr\u00e1 que traducir tambi\u00e9n libros en judeoespa\u00f1ol con tema la esfera sociopol\u00edtica, como por ejemplo Cinco anyos de mi vida<\/i>, que relata el caso Dreyfus. Fue una sorpresa poder leer en djudezmo el intercambio de correspondencia entre Dreyfus y su esposa Lucie. En efecto, tras las consecuencias del caso Dreyfus, numerosos ser\u00e1n los clientes de Benyamin que le confesar\u00e1n su deseo de poseer en su biblioteca la \u201cversi\u00f3n judeoespa\u00f1ola\u201d de esta historia.<\/span><\/p>\n

En un contexto particular de eliminaci\u00f3n de las identidades culturales, Benyamin Rafael Ben Yosef, contribuyente importante de la cultura sefard\u00ed y de su difusi\u00f3n, falleci\u00f3 repentinamente en 1928.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fuentes: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Biograf\u00eda realizada a partir de:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Elementos biogr\u00e1ficos proporcionados por Lydia B\u00e9har-Velay (nieta de Benyamin Rafael ben Yosef) y su esposo, Philippe Velay
\n\u2013 El art\u00edculo \u201cLe sauvetage familial d\u2019une m\u00e9moire\u201d, publicado en Kaminando I Avalando n\u00b07, secci\u00f3n \u201cFigures du Monde S\u00e9pharade\u201d, de Lydia B\u00e9har-Velay y Philippe Velay<\/span><\/p>\n

Escuchar grabaciones de m\u00fasicas sinagogales turcas (maftirim…)<\/a>
\n
\nEscuchar la lista de reproducci\u00f3n sobre las M\u00fasicas de los Jud\u00edos de Turqu\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Benyamin Rafael Ben Yosef naci\u00f3 en 1870 en Adrian\u00f3polis (hoy en d\u00eda: Edirne), en Turqu\u00eda. Pertenec\u00eda por parte de madre a una familia de rabinos, que constaba de Behmohar Rafael<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":86658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[1417],"tags":[],"technique":[],"squelettes":[585],"sujet":[2133],"formation":[],"genre":[1889],"fonds":[],"tradition":[1965],"type-de-contenu":[],"interprete-compositeur":[],"frise":[],"type-devenement":[],"tableaux-liens-externes":[],"class_list":["post-86657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biografias-es","squelettes-contenu","sujet-turquia-es","genre-judeo-espanol-es","tradition-rito-sefardi-es"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBen Yosef, Benyamin Rafael (1870-1928) - Institut Europ\u00e9en des Musiques Juives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/es\/ben-yosef-benyamin-rafael-1870-1928\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ben Yosef, Benyamin Rafael (1870-1928) - Institut Europ\u00e9en des Musiques Juives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Benyamin Rafael Ben Yosef naci\u00f3 en 1870 en Adrian\u00f3polis (hoy en d\u00eda: Edirne), en Turqu\u00eda. 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