{"id":68575,"date":"2021-02-15T14:40:17","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T13:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/les-chants-de-shabbat-dans-les-rites-comtadin-et-portugais\/"},"modified":"2024-02-15T17:39:16","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T16:39:16","slug":"les-chants-de-shabbat-dans-les-rites-comtadin-et-portugais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iemj.org\/it\/les-chants-de-shabbat-dans-les-rites-comtadin-et-portugais\/","title":{"rendered":"I canti dello Shabbat nel rito comtadino e portoghese"},"content":{"rendered":"

Una selezione di canti dello Shabbat delle comunit\u00e0 di rito portoghese (Amsterdam, Londra, Parigi, Bordeaux, Bayonne, New York, Cura\u00e7ao…) e del Comtat venaissin, eseguiti da Abraham Lopes Cardoso, Shimon Haliwa, Eliezer Abinun, Adolphe Attia, Malkiel Benamara, Gilbert L\u00e9on e molti altri<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lo shabbat, giorno di riposo, \u00e8 un\u2019istituzione della vita ebraica. Ed i canti che ritmano questo giorno particolare, occupano un posto importante, sia alla sinagoga con i cinque uffizi da\u00a0Kabbalat shabbat<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0Motsei shabbat<\/em>, sia a casa con i rituali dell\u2019accensione delle candele, il\u00a0Kiddush<\/em> (benedizione del vino) il venerd\u00ec sera, la Birkat hamazon<\/a><\/em> (ringraziamento alla fine del pasto), o anche l\u2019Havdala<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(l\u2019ultimo\u00a0Kiddush<\/em>\u00a0che chiude lo shabbat). \u00c8 anche consuetudine cantare, durante i quattro pasti dello shabbat, molte poesie religiose chiamate\u00a0Zemirot<\/em>\u00a0(o\u00a0Tish nigounim\u00a0<\/em>dagli hassidim).<\/p>\n

Lo shabbat rende cos\u00ec possibile trovare il proprio percorso interiore attraverso la sua voce esteriore.<\/p>\n

La seguente playlist presenta una selezione di cant dello Shabbat del rito comtadino e portoghese.<\/p>\n

Gli ebrei del Comtat Venaissin<\/a> (Carpentras, Avignone, Cavaillon e Isle-sur-la-Sorgue), che non furono mai pi\u00f9 di duemila, erano i discendenti degli ebrei del Linguadoca e provenzali espulsi dal regno di Francia nei secoli XIV e XV, per cui il loro rito \u00e8 quello con le radici pi\u00f9 profonde in terra francese. I rituali, prima scritti a mano, poi stampati nel XVIII secolo, hanno conservato le preghiere in uso. Ma i canti sono stati trasmessi solo oralmente e sarebbero andati irrimediabilmente persi se nel 1885, su iniziativa del rabbino capo Jonas Weyl e della Consistoire Isra\u00e9lite de Marseille, due israeliti di Aix, Jules-Salomon e Mardoch\u00e9e Cr\u00e9mieu, non li avessero raccolti dagli ultimi cantori e riuniti in un’opera intitolata Chants h\u00e9bra\u00efques suivant le rite des communaut\u00e9s isra\u00e9lites de l’ancien Comtat Venaissin<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Il rito portoghese (chiamato anche “ispano-portoghese”) \u00e8 legato alla storia dei Marrani, questi ebrei che furono convertiti di forza al cristianesimo a partire dal 1391. Subendo le persecuzioni da parte delle inquisizioni spagnola e portoghese istituite rispettivamente nel 1481 e nel 1536, diverse centinaia di Marrani si unirono alle comunit\u00e0 ebraiche esistenti (come quelle di Amsterdam, Londra, Livorno o Amburgo) dove tornarono apertamente all’ebraismo. Altri, sotto la copertura della loro identit\u00e0 cristiana, si stabilirono a Bordeaux, poi nella regione di Bayonne, a met\u00e0 del XVI secolo. In seguito, si stabilirono degli scambi, soprattutto commerciali, tra le varie comunit\u00e0 portoghesi e la pratica di questo rito fu diffusa fino a New York e nelle colonie olandesi, come Cura\u00e7ao.<\/p>\n

Va notato che la maggior parte delle canzoni in questa playlist sono, ai fini della registrazione, accompagnate da strumenti musicali, cosa che non avviene nello Shabbat nella maggior parte delle sinagoghe. Alcune delle melodie portoghesi sono influenzate dalla musica occidentale del XVIII e XIX secolo.<\/p>\n

Leggere l\u2019articolo sui canti dello shabbat<\/a>
Per saperne di pi\u00f9 sulle tradizioni musicali giudeo-portoghesi in Francia<\/a>
Ordinare il CD Musiques jud\u00e9o-fran\u00e7aises des XVIIIe et XIXe si\u00e8cles<\/a>
Ordinare il CD Musiques de la synagogue de Bordeaux (rite portugais)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Lekha dodi – Adolphe Attia (rite comtadin)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Yitgadal (Kaddish) – Adolphe Attia (rite comtadin)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Az yachir Mocheh – Adolphe Attia (rite comtadin) <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Tsour michelo – Nekouda : Corinne Drai et Alain Huet (rite comtadin) (Extrait)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Hamake (partie du Emet) – Choeur Orf\u00e9o (rite portugais, Bayonne) (Extrait)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Raou banim – Emile Jonas – Malkiel Benamara et Adolphe Attia (rite portugais, Paris)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
En Kelohenu – Eliezer Abinun (rite portugais, Londres) <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Keter – Abraham Lopes Cardozo (rite portugais, Amsterdam, New York) (Extrait)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Yom Hashishi – Abraham Lopes Cardozo (rite portugais, Amsterdam, New York)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Kiddoush du vendredi soir – Gilbert L\u00e9on (rite portugais, Bordeaux)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Kamti lehalel – Shimon Haliwa (rite portugais, Amsterdam) (Extrait) <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Bendigamos (rite portugais, Cura\u00e7ao)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Yigdal (rite portugais, Cura\u00e7ao)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Lekha dodi (rite portugais, Cura\u00e7ao)<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una selezione di canti dello Shabbat delle comunit\u00e0 di rito portoghese (Amsterdam, Londra, Parigi, Bordeaux, Bayonne, New York, Cura\u00e7ao…) e del Comtat venaissin, eseguiti da Abraham Lopes Cardoso, Shimon Haliwa,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1045,"featured_media":68576,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1536],"tags":[],"technique":[],"squelettes":[],"sujet":[1855],"formation":[],"genre":[1892],"fonds":[],"tradition":[1980,1974],"type-de-contenu":[],"interprete-compositeur":[],"frise":[],"type-devenement":[],"tableaux-liens-externes":[],"class_list":["post-68575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-playlist-it","sujet-shabbat-it","genre-liturgia-it","tradition-rito-comtadin-it","tradition-rito-giudeo-portoghese-it"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nI canti dello Shabbat nel rito comtadino e portoghese 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